Richard Feynman's diagrams turned quantum field theory calculations from intractable algebra into picture-bookkeeping

Feynman diagram

Feynman diagrams revolutionized theoretical physics

Bohr model

Niels Bohr proposed electrons orbit at fixed energy levels, explaining hydrogen's spectral lines

Emmy Noether

Emmy Noether proved Noether's theorem connecting symmetry and conservation laws

Schrödinger equation

Why does an electron behave like a wave in a tiny box?

Maxwell's equations

Maxwell unified electricity, magnetism, and light into a single theory with four equations

Grigori Perelman

Grigori Perelman solved the Poincaré conjecture