logical positivism collapsed

Logical positivism

Logical positivism's verification principle claims only empirically verifiable statements are meaningful

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

Quine's essay attacked two central aspects of logical positivism

Principle of sufficient reason

Every contingent fact has a sufficient reason

Falsifiability

Popper introduced falsifiability as a criterion for scientific theories

Twin Earth thought experiment

Twin Earth thought experiment illustrates semantic externalism

Problem of universals

Universals question independent existence