Tarkovsky means by 'sculpting in time'

Stalker (1979 film)

Stalker explores a mysterious 'Zone' granting innermost desires

Proust's madeleine scene in In Search of Lost Time demonstrates

Proust's madeleine scene exemplifies involuntary memory triggered by taste

Cubism

Cubism shatters Renaissance single-point perspective by depicting subjects from multiple viewpoints

Pollock's drip paintings achieve

Pollock's drip paintings transform painting into an act of gesture, prioritizing process over representation

the Impressionists broke

Impressionists broke academic painting's rules by capturing light and moment over form and narrative

Chiaroscuro

Caravaggio's chiaroscuro creates theatrical drama from biblical scenes